Both Admiral Graf Spee and Deutschland
have been claimed to be the first German naval vessels to be fitted with
radar. Trenckle says that Admiral Graf Spee had an experimental
FuMO 22, and Prager that Deutschland had a Seetakt set in
the autumn 1937 (which proved very useful for night navigation in Spanish
waters). Photographic analysis shows that the frame of this first experimental
set was slightly smaller (0.8m x 1.8m) than the final FuMO 22 frame, but
it is not known if there were fewer dipoles or alternatively if the dipoles
were placed closer together.
R V Jones, in his memories (Most Secret
War, Hamish Hamilton, 1978) describes how the British Admirality sent
L H Bainbridge-Bell to the River Plate to examine the radar installation
aboard the wreck of the Graf Spee. According to Price (Instruments
of Darkness, Kimber, 1967) the resultant report took one and a half
years to pass through the official channels, a statement I find hard to
believe considering that Bainbridge-Bell had been sent half around the
world to abtain the information. It adds yet another intriguing possibility
of further information, as this report, possibly including photos of Graf
Spee's installation, may yet come to light.
The Deutschland (renamed Lützow
in 1940) had a 2m x 6m mattress antenna for a FuMO 22 throughout her wartime
career. From January 1942 until March 1944 she also had a Timor
frame at the rear of her radar tower, as in the Scharnhorst. To
follow German practice there should also have been fixed Sumatra
antennas but they cannot be traced in photographs.
It is noteworthy that the foretop radar
of the armoured ships (later reclassified as heavy cruisers) were provided
with the best positioning of any German heavy units. It was situated at
the highest point in the ship, and the foremast was removed, and replaced
by a short pole mast, to provide completely unobstructed all-around coverage.
Admiral Scheer was similarly equipped
before the removal of the top-heavy pyramidal armoured mast. After that
she had a 2m x 4m FuMO 27 mattress antenna and a Timor frame, bearing
in opposite directions, on the forward rangefinder tower. Three of the
four fixed Sumatra antennas, spaced 90° apart, were fitted on
small horizontal lattice constructions. Scheer also had a FuMO 27
antenna on the aft rangefinder tower.
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Picture 4.1
The foretop of Spee
with the rangefinder tower topped by a radar hut for the prototype set
FMG 39 (gO) - later designated FuMO 22 - and its 0.8m x 1.8m matress antenna;
fitted in 1939. |
Picture 4.3
The after rangefinder
of Scheer with the 2m x 4m antenna of the FuMO 27 set added in 1941. |
Picture 4.2
The foretop of Lützow
with the radar hut and 2m x 6m antenna of FuMO 22 added above the rangefinder
tower in 1939.
The lower drawing
shows the Samos antenna for FuMB 4, added to the back of the tower
in January 1942, and carried until March 1944. Note the battle-observers's
post above the radar hut and that her foretop rangefinder is 2m higher
above the waterline, than those of her sisters. Lützow was
never fitted with radar on her after rangefinder tower. |
Picture 4.4
The forward conning
tower of Scheer as modified in the summer of 1940. The 10m-rangefinder
tower carries the radar hut and the antenna for the FuMO 27 which replaced
the FuMO 22 (as shown in B) fitted on the original, Spee-type, bridge.
Note the absence
of a battle-observer's post. She also carries four Sumatra antennas
(foward aft and besides the tower), three being on lattice extensions.
The passive Timor antenna was fitted on the back of the radar hut/rangefinder
tower in 1942. |
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